ग्राफ कलरिंग समस्या ग्राफ लेबलिंग का एक विशेष मामला है। इस समस्या में प्रत्येक नोड को कुछ रंगों में रंगा जाता है। लेकिन रंग भरने में कुछ अड़चनें हैं। हम किसी भी आसन्न कोने के लिए एक ही रंग का उपयोग नहीं कर सकते हैं।
इस समस्या को हल करने के लिए, हमें लालची एल्गोरिथ्म का उपयोग करने की आवश्यकता है, लेकिन यह न्यूनतम रंग के उपयोग की गारंटी नहीं देता है।
इनपुट और आउटपुट
Input: Adjacency matrix of the graph. 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 Output: Node: 0, Assigned with Color: 0 Node: 1, Assigned with Color: 0 Node: 2, Assigned with Color: 1 Node: 3, Assigned with Color: 2 Node: 4, Assigned with Color: 1
एल्गोरिदम
graphColoring(graph)
इनपुट - दिया गया ग्राफ।
आउटपुट - प्रत्येक नोड को किसी न किसी रंग के साथ असाइन किया गया है।
Begin declare a list of colors initially set the color 0 for first node define an array colorUsed to track which color is used, and which colors have never used. for all vertices i except first one, do mark i as unassigned to any color done mark colorUsed to false for all vertices for all vertices u in the graph except 1st vertex, do for all vertex v adjacent with u, do if color[v] is unassigned, then mark colorUsed[color[v]] := true done for all colors col in the color list, do if color is not used, then stop the loop done color[u] := col for each vertex v which is adjacent with u, do if color[v] is unassigned, then colorUsed[color[v]] := false done done for all vertices u in the graph, do display the node and its color done End
उदाहरण
#include<iostream> #define NODE 6 using namespace std; int graph[NODE][NODE] = { {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0} }; void graphColoring() { int color[NODE]; color[0] = 0; //Assign first color for the first node bool colorUsed[NODE]; //Used to check whether color is used or not for(int i = 1; i<NODE; i++) color[i] = -1; //initialize all other vertices are unassigned for(int i = 0; i<NODE; i++) colorUsed[i] = false; //initially any colors are not chosen for(int u = 1; u<NODE; u++) { //for all other NODE - 1 vertices for(int v = 0; v<NODE; v++) { if(graph[u][v]){ if(color[v] != -1) //when one color is assigned, make it unavailable colorUsed[color[v]] = true; } } int col; for(col = 0; col<NODE; col++) if(!colorUsed[col]) //find a color which is not assigned break; color[u] = col; //assign found color in the list for(int v = 0; v<NODE; v++) { //for next iteration make color availability to false if(graph[u][v]) { if(color[v] != -1) colorUsed[color[v]] = false; } } } for(int u = 0; u<NODE; u++) cout <<"Color: " << u << ", Assigned with Color: " <<color[u] <<endl; } main() { graphColoring(); }
आउटपुट
Node: 0, Assigned with Color: 0 Node: 1, Assigned with Color: 0 Node: 2, Assigned with Color: 1 Node: 3, Assigned with Color: 2 Node: 4, Assigned with Color: 1