PHP में CSV File Parse करना

PHP में CSV files को parse करने के built-in functions और सर्वोत्तम अभ्यास।

विधि 1: fgetcsv() - Streaming/Large Files के लिए (अनुशंसित)

<?php
function parseCsv($filePath, $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"', $escape = '\\') {
    $data = [];
    $row = 0;
    
    if (($handle = fopen($filePath, 'r')) !== false) {
        // Header row पढ़ें (यदि मौजूद है)
        $headers = fgetcsv($handle, 0, $delimiter, $enclosure, $escape);
        
        while (($rowData = fgetcsv($handle, 0, $delimiter, $enclosure, $escape)) !== false) {
            $row++;
            
            // Skip empty rows
            if (array_filter($rowData) === []) continue;
            
            // Header के साथ associative array बनाएं
            if ($headers) {
                $data[] = array_combine($headers, $rowData);
            } else {
                $data[] = $rowData;
            }
        }
        fclose($handle);
    }
    
    return $data;
}

// उपयोग
$csvData = parseCsv('data.csv');
print_r($csvData);

विधि 2: str_getcsv() - Small Files/Strings के लिए (PHP 5.3+)

<?php
// Entire file read करें
$content = file_get_contents('data.csv');
$lines = explode("\n", $content);

$data = [];
$headers = null;

foreach ($lines as $line) {
    $line = trim($line);
    if ($line === '') continue;
    
    $row = str_getcsv($line, ',', '"', '\\');
    
    if ($headers === null) {
        $headers = $row;
    } else {
        $data[] = array_combine($headers, $row);
    }
}

print_r($data);

विधि 3: SplFileObject (Object-Oriented, Memory Efficient)

<?php
$file = new SplFileObject('data.csv');
$file->setFlags(
    SplFileObject::READ_CSV | 
    SplFileObject::READ_AHEAD | 
    SplFileObject::SKIP_EMPTY
);
$file->setCsvControl(',', '"', '\\');

$headers = $file->current();
$file->next();

$data = [];
foreach ($file as $row) {
    $data[] = array_combine($headers, $row);
}

print_r($data);

विधि 4: League/CSV Library (Production के लिए अनुशंसित)

// Composer: composer require league/csv
use League\Csv\Reader;

$csv = Reader::createFromPath('data.csv', 'r');
$csv->setHeaderOffset(0); // First row as headers

$records = $csv->getRecords(); // Iterator (memory efficient)

foreach ($records as $record) {
    // $record is associative array
    echo $record['name'] . "\n";
}

// या सभी एक साथ
$allData = iterator_to_array($records);

आम CSV समस्याएं और समाधान

BOM Handling के साथ Robust Parser

<?php
function parseCsvRobust($filePath, $delimiter = ',') {
    $handle = fopen($filePath, 'r');
    if (!$handle) throw new Exception("Cannot open file");
    
    // BOM detect और remove करें
    $bom = fread($handle, 3);
    if ($bom !== "\xEF\xBB\xBF") {
        rewind($handle); // Not UTF-8 BOM, rewind
    }
    
    $headers = fgetcsv($handle, 0, $delimiter);
    if (!$headers) return [];
    
    // Headers trim करें
    $headers = array_map('trim', $headers);
    
    $data = [];
    while (($row = fgetcsv($handle, 0, $delimiter)) !== false) {
        if (array_filter($row) === []) continue; // Skip empty
        $data[] = array_combine($headers, $row);
    }
    
    fclose($handle);
    return $data;
}