एंड्रॉइड में नेटवर्क कनेक्शन स्टेटस कैसे मॉनिटर करें?

एंड्रॉइड में नेटवर्क कनेक्टिविटी मॉनिटरिंग

यह गाइड नेटवर्क स्टेटस चेक करने, बदलावों को सुनने, और कनेक्शन प्रकार (वाई-फाई, मोबाइल, ईथरनेट) निर्धारित करने के मॉडर्न और लिगेसी तरीकों को कवर करता है।

आवश्यक अनुमतियाँ

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <!-- वास्तविक कनेक्टिविटी टेस्ट के लिए -->

लेआउट (activity_main.xml)

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="24dp"
    android:gravity="center">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/ivConnectionStatus"
        android:layout_width="120dp"
        android:layout_height="120dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="24dp"
        android:scaleType="fitCenter" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvConnectionStatus"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        android:layout_marginBottom="32dp"
        android:gravity="center" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnCheckNetwork"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="नेटवर्क जांचें" />
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java - मॉडर्न API (NetworkCallback)

import android.content.Context;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.Network;
import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.net.NetworkRequest;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ImageView ivStatus;
    private TextView tvStatus;
    private Button btnCheck;
    private ConnectivityManager connectivityManager;
    private ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback networkCallback;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        ivStatus = findViewById(R.id.ivConnectionStatus);
        tvStatus = findViewById(R.id.tvConnectionStatus);
        btnCheck = findViewById(R.id.btnCheckNetwork);
        connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);

        btnCheck.setOnClickListener(v -> checkNetworkStatus());

        // नेटवर्क बदलावों के लिए रजिस्टर (API 21+)
        registerNetworkCallback();
        
        // प्रारंभिक जांच
        checkNetworkStatus();
    }

    private void registerNetworkCallback() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
            networkCallback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onAvailable(Network network) {
                    runOnUiThread(() -> updateNetworkStatus(network));
                }

                @Override
                public void onLost(Network network) {
                    runOnUiThread(() -> {
                        tvStatus.setText("कोई कनेक्शन नहीं");
                        ivStatus.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_no_connection);
                    });
                }

                @Override
                public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities capabilities) {
                    runOnUiThread(() -> updateNetworkStatus(network));
                }
            };

            NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                .build();
            
            connectivityManager.registerNetworkCallback(request, networkCallback);
        }
    }

    private void checkNetworkStatus() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
            // API 29+: getActiveNetwork() का उपयोग करें
            Network activeNetwork = connectivityManager.getActiveNetwork();
            if (activeNetwork != null) {
                updateNetworkStatus(activeNetwork);
            } else {
                showDisconnected();
            }
        } else {
            // लिगेसी API (डीप्रिकेटेड)
            NetworkInfo activeNetwork = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
            if (activeNetwork != null && activeNetwork.isConnected()) {
                updateLegacyNetworkInfo(activeNetwork);
            } else {
                showDisconnected();
            }
        }
    }

    private void updateNetworkStatus(Network network) {
        NetworkCapabilities capabilities = connectivityManager.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
        if (capabilities != null) {
            if (capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
                showConnected("वाई-फाई कनेक्टेड", R.drawable.ic_wifi);
            } else if (capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
                showConnected("मोबाइल डेटा कनेक्टेड", R.drawable.ic_mobile_data);
            } else if (capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)) {
                showConnected("ईथरनेट कनेक्टेड", R.drawable.ic_ethernet);
            } else if (capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)) {
                showConnected("VPN कनेक्टेड", R.drawable.ic_vpn);
            } else {
                showConnected("कनेक्टेड", R.drawable.ic_connected);
            }
        } else {
            showDisconnected();
        }
    }

    private void updateLegacyNetworkInfo(NetworkInfo networkInfo) {
        switch (networkInfo.getType()) {
            case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI:
                showConnected("वाई-फाई कनेक्टेड", R.drawable.ic_wifi);
                break;
            case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE:
                showConnected("मोबाइल डेटा कनेक्टेड", R.drawable.ic_mobile_data);
                break;
            case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET:
                showConnected("ईथरनेट कनेक्टेड", R.drawable.ic_ethernet);
                break;
            default:
                showConnected("कनेक्टेड", R.drawable.ic_connected);
        }
    }

    private void showConnected(String message, int drawableRes) {
        tvStatus.setText(message);
        ivStatus.setImageResource(drawableRes);
    }

    private void showDisconnected() {
        tvStatus.setText("कोई इंटरनेट कनेक्शन नहीं");
        ivStatus.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_no_connection);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (networkCallback != null && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
            connectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
        }
    }
}

वास्तविक इंटरनेट कनेक्टिविटी टेस्ट (पिंग/HTTP)

नेटवर्क कनेक्टेड होने का मतलब यह नहीं कि इंटरनेट काम कर रहा है:

private void testInternetConnectivity() {
    new Thread(() -> {
        try {
            java.net.URL url = new java.net.URL("https://www.google.com/generate_204");
            java.net.HttpURLConnection conn = (java.net.HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setRequestMethod("HEAD");
            conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
            conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
            int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
            
            boolean hasInternet = (responseCode == 204);
            runOnUiThread(() -> {
                if (hasInternet) {
                    tvStatus.setText(tvStatus.getText() + " | इंटरनेट: OK");
                } else {
                    tvStatus.setText(tvStatus.getText() + " | इंटरनेट: विफल");
                }
            });
        } catch (Exception e) {
            runOnUiThread(() -> tvStatus.setText(tvStatus.getText() + " | इंटरनेट: त्रुटि"));
        }
    }).start();
}

Flow/LiveData के साथ रिएक्टिव दृष्टिकोण (Kotlin)

// NetworkMonitor.kt
class NetworkMonitor @Inject constructor(
    private val context: Context
) {
    private val connectivityManager = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)
    
    val networkState = MutableStateFlow(NetworkState.UNKNOWN)
    
    fun startMonitoring() {
        val callback = object : ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
            override fun onCapabilitiesChanged(network: Network, capabilities: NetworkCapabilities) {
                val state = when {
                    !capabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) -> NetworkState.NO_INTERNET
                    capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI) -> NetworkState.WIFI
                    capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) -> NetworkState.MOBILE
                    else -> NetworkState.CONNECTED
                }
                networkState.value = state
            }
            
            override fun onLost(network: Network) {
                networkState.value = NetworkState.DISCONNECTED
            }
        }
        
        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder()
            .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
            .build()
            
        connectivityManager.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback)
    }
    
    sealed interface NetworkState {
        data class WIFI : NetworkState
        data class MOBILE : NetworkState
        data class CONNECTED : NetworkState
        object NO_INTERNET : NetworkState
        object DISCONNECTED : NetworkState
        object UNKNOWN : NetworkState
    }
}

महत्वपूर्ण नोट्स

• API 29+ के लिए NetworkCallback अनिवार्य है (लिगेसी API डीप्रिकेटेड)
• हमेशा onDestroy() में कॉलबैक अनरजिस्टर करें
• नेटवर्क कनेक्टेड ≠ इंटरनेट उपलब्ध (कैप्टिव पोर्टल, फायरवॉल)
• मीटर्ड नेटवर्क के लिए NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED जांचें